ACTIVE VOICE, PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Simple present:
Sam kicks the ball. / The ball is kicked by Sam.
Sam pets the cats. / The cats are petted by Sam.
Sam visits me. / I am visited by Sam.
Simple past:
Sam kicked the ball. / The ball was kicked by Sam.
Sam kicked the cats. / The cats were kicked by Sam.
Simple future:
Sam will kick the ball. / The ball will be kicked by Sam.
Sam will kick the cats. / The cats will be kicked by Sam. (no change)
Present perfect:
Sam has kicked the ball. / The ball has been kicked by Sam.
Sam has kicked the cats. / The cats have been kicked by Sam.
Past perfect:
Sam had kicked the ball. / The ball had been kicked by Sam.
Sam had kicked the cats. / The cats had been kicked by Sam. (no change)
Future perfect:
Sam will have kicked the ball. / The ball will have been kicked by Sam.
Sam will have kicked the cats. / The cats will have been kicked by Sam. (no change)
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
The passive forms of the last 4 tenses below are rarely, if ever, used
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Simple present:
Sam is kicking the ball. / The ball is being kicked by Sam.
Sam is petting the cats. / The cats are being petted by Sam.
Simple past:
Sam was kicking the ball. / The ball was being kicked by Sam.
Sam was kicking the cats. / The cats were being kicked by Sam.
Simple future:
Sam will be kicking the ball. / The ball will be being kicked by Sam.
Sam will be kicking the cats. / The cats will be being kicked by Sam.
Present perfect:
Sam has been kicking the ball. / The ball has been being kicked by Sam.
Sam has been kicking the cats. / The cats have been being kicked by Sam.
Past perfect:
Sam had been kicking the ball. / The ball had been being kicked by Sam.
Sam had been kicking the cats. / The cats had been being kicked by Sam.
Future perfect:
Sam will have been kicking the ball. / The ball will have been being kicked by Sam.
Sam will have been kicking the cats. / The cats will have been being kicked by Sam.
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